ÿWPC …Ql{½HȬ‘]³Îé„m~× ­÷orÄ_pŒÂ§]=?ö£uÑÈŠ3ôt u HB%ùÆ&™ê\B4à%Ÿ»­ ñí¶a¥¿«è»µS9—ü’V¤F‹žçgô| ·§}lÍ—53vt=]çî×*=î÷¦yVZ ¼ò¥UOíc·¡ÚÇ×,Èzß,¥L‹o_¨RW·NBôAm¯‚Šø‚YÍVˆ`¸ÙN ÅOdZ9+;MXdà¹g~(‘í™çBd¶L—ÌÏP{¶áÁÖuãqpØþ¢ Äbê“nRFh·ý¿uË*Q:ºpCGh4z1¸Åú, ¨G!sXvù×ìçÑ&%,Ž ’±»,c¡fè0‡>½ZÇ@w‹ÉTY*Í^…NW¨6ª› ¬þgÃàÓðgˆ//`—J);Dî?Œúúå‹`À(K\Ît†¨®ùqâý!ºò1¬¾cÕ]a¤z_;!f4Œb§8™}qØ ê×çë÷¿Ãñ²:$ë¿qZ“êõI?3>Þ@eòÏ·HfàV8•Ì+Û‡ŸgygýÒ9B‹7ÆêÜçà“Eòciˇ¤”;0UíÄ…}çµÿõÇ'€?a`×2á’SiIé 04àUDU#LXU#B¤U.æ#ÉUNÝ %+N1^ 3w?4CWf mh( ;$¡¡Ô US ÔZ#>jÿZ‹,Arial-BoldItalicMTÎ"¬êpZ‹4TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMTÎ"¬êpZ‹*TimesNewRomanPSMTLBëÄ Z‹Calibri˜hp color LaserJet 2550 PSØÚÈØØÈØÚ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX8¡‘8– ÉYs8Pages3|xÿU‹ÿÿÿÿÝ ƒ;!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ éÓÔ€X"kXXXÔò òòòZoning€requires€the€pool€to€be€10'€away€from€side€and€rear€property€lines,€pools€Ð ° Ðare€not€allowed€in€front€yards.€Dover€requires€fencing€of€pools€greater€than€18"€in€Ð šê Ðheight.€€For€temporary€pools,€€you€are€required€to€use€a€ground€fault€receptacle€Ð „Ô Ðfor€power,€any€extension€cord€used€must€be€a€3-wire€with€grounding€plug€€andÐ n¾ Ðinclude€a€ground€fault€protector€as€well.€For€additional€electrical€€requirements,Ð X¨ Ðconsult€your€electrician€for€specific€electrical€requirements.Ð B ’ ÐÓ  ÓÔ€XrÈXXX"kÔóóAPPENDIX€GÐ  e ÐÔ€!p!XXrÈÔSWIMMING€POOLS,€SPAS€AND€HOT€TUBSÐ ê : ÐÓ  ÓÓ ÈéÓÓ ‹ ÓÔ€%v %!!pÔSECTION€AG101€GENERAL€Ð _  ÐÓ  ÈÓÓ ‹ ÓAG101.1€General.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óThe€provisions€of€this€appendix€shall€control€the€design€and€construction€of€Ð ¯ÿ  Ðswimming€pools,€spas€and€hot€tubs€installed€in€or€on€the€lot€of€a€one-€and€two-family€dwelling.€Ð ‹Û  ÐÓ  ÓÓ é ÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òSECTION€AG102Ð S  ÐÓ  ÓÓ ÒéÓÓ ã ÓDEFINITIONS€Ð Ä  ÐÓ ØÒÓÓ ã ÓAG102.1General.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óFor€the€purposes€of€these€requirements,€the€terms€used€shall€be€defined€as€follows€and€Ð n¾  Ðas€set€forth€in€Chapter€2.€Ð Jš ÐÓ éØÓÓ “ÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òABOVE-GROUND/ON-GROUNDÐ úJ ÐPOOL.€€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óSee€€ð ðSwimming€pool.ððÐ Ò" ÐÓ W“ÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òBARRIER.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óA€fence,€wall,€building€wall€or€combination€thereof€which€completely€surrounds€the€Ð —ç Ðswimming€pool€and€obstructs€access€to€the€swimming€pool.Ð sà ÐÓ WÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òHOT€TUB.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óSee€ð ðSwimming€pool.ððÐ 4 „ ÐÔ€%v % %%vÔò òIN-GROUND€POOL.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óSee€ð ðSwimming€pool.ððÐ ù!I ÐÔ€%v % %%vÔò òRESIDENTIAL.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óThat€which€is€situated€on€the€premises€of€a€detached€one-€or€two-family€dwelling€or€a€Ð ¾# Ðone-family€townhouse€not€more€than€three€stories€in€height.Ð š$ê ÐÔ€%v % %%vÔò òSPA,€NONPORTABLE.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óSee€ð ðSwimming€pool.ððÐ [&«! ÐÔ€%v % %%vÔò òSPA,€PORTABLE.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óA€nonpermanent€structure€intended€for€recreational€bathing,€in€which€all€controls,€Ð  (p# Ðwater-heating€and€water-circulating€equipment€are€an€integral€part€of€the€product.Ð ü(L$ ÐÔ€%v % %%vÔò òSWIMMING€POOL.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óAny€structure€intended€for€swimming€or€recreational€bathing€that€contains€water€Ð ½* & Ðover€24€inches€(610€mm)€deep.€This€includesin-ground,€aboveground€and€onground€swimming€pools,€hot€Ð ™+é& Ðtubs€and€spas.€Ð q,Á' ÐÓ éÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òSWIMMING€POOL,€INDOOR.€Ð ° ÐÓ ØÓÔ€%v % %%vÔó óA€swimming€pool€which€is€totally€contained€within€a€structure€and€surrounded€on€all€four€sides€by€walls€Ð ˆØ Ðof€said€structure.€Ð `° ÐÓ «ØÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òSWIMMING€POOL,€OUTDOOR.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óAny€swimming€pool€which€is€not€an€indoor€pool.Ð ` ÐÓ ’ÓÓ é«ÓÓ · ÓÓ · ÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òSECTION€AG103€Ð — ç ÐSWIMMING€POOLSÐ o ¿ ÐÓ ’ÓÓ ØéÓÓ · ÓÓ · ÓAG103.1€In-ground€pools.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óIn-ground€pools€shall€be€designed€and€constructed€in€conformance€with€Ð 0€  ÐANSI/NSPI-5€as€listed€in€Section€AG107.Ð  \  ÐÓ «ØÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òAG103.2€Above-ground€and€on-ground€pools.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óAbove-ground€and€on-ground€pools€shall€be€designed€Ð ¼  Ðand€constructed€in€conformance€with€ANSI/NSPI-4€as€listed€in€Section€AG107.Ð ˜è  ÐÓ ÷ÓÓ é«ÓÓ · ÓÓ · ÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òSECTION€AG104€Ð k  ÐSPAS€AND€HOTÐ óC  ÐTUBS€Ð Ë  ÐÓ ÷ÓÓ · ÓÓ · ÓAG104.1€Permanently€installed€spas€and€hot€tubs.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óPermanently€installed€spas€and€hot€tubs€shall€be€Ð ŒÜ  Ðdesigned€and€constructed€in€conformance€with€ANSI/NSPI-3€as€listed€in€Section€AG107.Ð h¸ ÐÓ .ÓÓ šéÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òAG104.2€Portable€spas€and€hot€tubs.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óPortable€spas€and€hot€tubs€shall€be€designed€and€constructed€in€Ð )y Ðconformance€with€ANSI/NSPI-6€as€listed€in€Section€AG107.Ð U ÐÓ ÿ.ÓÓ éšÓÓ ‹ ÓÓ ‹ ÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òSECTION€AG105Ð wÇ ÐBARRIER€REQUIREMENTSÐ O Ÿ ÐÓ ÿÓÓ ‹ ÓÓ ‹ ÓAG105.1€Application.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óThe€provisions€of€this€chapter€shall€control€the€design€of€barriers€for€residential€Ð "` Ðswimming€pools,€spas€and€hot€tubs.€These€design€controls€are€intended€to€provide€protection€against€Ð ì"< Ðpotential€drownings€and€near€drownings€by€restricting€access€to€swimming€pools,€spas€and€hot€tubs.Ð Ä# ÐÓ -ÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òAG105.2€Outdoor€swimming€pool.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óAn€outdoor€swimming€pool,€including€an€in-ground,€aboveground€Ð …%Õ  Ðor€on-ground€pool,€hot€tub€or€spa€shall€be€provided€with€a€barrier€which€shall€comply€with€the€following:Ð a&±! ÐÓ -Ó1€The€top€of€the€barrier€shall€be€at€least€48€inches€(1219€mm)€above€grade€measured€on€the€side€of€the€Ð "(r# Ðbarrier€which€faces€away€from€the€swimming€pool.€The€maxi-mum€vertical€clearance€between€grade€and€Ð ú(J$ Ðthe€bottom€of€the€barrier€shall€be€2€inches€(51€mm)€measured€on€the€side€of€the€barrier€which€faces€awayÐ Ò)"% Ðfrom€the€swimming€pool.€Where€the€top€of€the€pool€structure€is€above€grade,€such€as€an€aboveground€Ð ª*ú% Ðpool,€the€barrier€may€be€at€ground€level,€such€as€the€pool€structure,€or€mounted€on€top€of€the€pool€Ð ‚+Ò& Ðstructure.€Where€the€barrier€is€mounted€on€top€of€the€pool€structure,€the€maximum€vertical€clearance€Ð Z,ª' Ðbetween€the€top€of€the€pool€structure€and€the€bottom€of€the€barrier€shall€be€4€inches€(102€mm).€Ð 2-‚( Ð2€Openings€in€the€barrier€shall€not€allow€passage€of€a€4-inch-diameter€(102€mm)€sphere.€Ð ° ÐÓ Ó3€Solid€barriers€which€do€not€have€openings,€such€as€a€masonry€or€stone€wall,€shall€not€contain€Ð qÁ Ðindentations€or€protrusions€except€for€normal€construction€tolerances€and€tooled€masonryÐ I™ Ðjoints.€Ð !q ÐÓ Ó4€Where€the€barrier€is€composed€of€horizontal€and€vertical€members€and€the€distance€between€the€tops€of€Ð â 2 Ðthe€horizontal€members€is€less€than€45€inches€(1143€mm),€the€horizontal€members€shall€be€located€on€the€Ð º  Ðswimming€pool€side€of€the€fence.€Spacing€between€vertical€members€shall€not€exceed€1.75€inches€(44€Ð ’ â Ðmm)€in€width.€Where€there€are€decorative€cutouts€within€vertical€members,€spacing€within€the€cutouts€Ð j º Ðshall€not€exceed€1.75€inches€(44€mm)€in€width.Ð B ’ Ð5€Where€the€barrier€is€composed€of€horizontal€and€vertical€members€and€the€distance€between€the€tops€of€Ð S  Ðthe€horizontal€members€is€45€inches€(1143€mm)€or€more,€spacing€between€vertical€members€shall€not€Ð Û+  Ðexceed€4€inches€(102€mm).€Where€there€are€decorative€cutouts€within€vertical€members,€spacing€within€Ð ³  Ðthe€cutouts€shall€not€exceed€1.75€inches€(44€mm)€in€width.Ð ‹Û  Ð6€Maximum€mesh€size€for€chain€link€fences€shall€be€a€2.25-inch€(57€mm)€square€unless€the€fence€is€Ð Lœ  Ðprovided€with€slats€fastened€at€the€top€or€the€bottom€which€reduce€the€openings€to€not€more€than€1.75€Ð $t Ðinches€(44€mm).Ð üL Ð7€Where€the€barrier€is€composed€of€diagonal€members,€such€as€a€lattice€fence,€the€maximum€opening€Ð ½  Ðformed€by€the€diagonal€members€shall€not€be€more€than€1.75€inches€(44€mm).Ð •å ÐÓ éÓ8€Access€gates€shall€comply€with€the€requirements€of€Section€AG105.2,€Items€1€through€7,€and€shall€be€Ð V¦ Ðequipped€to€accommodate€a€locking€device.€Pedestrian€access€gates€shall€open€outward€away€from€the€Ð .~ Ðpool€and€shall€be€self-closing€and€have€a€self-latching€device.€Gates€other€than€pedestrian€access€gates€Ð V Ðshall€have€a€self-latching€device.€Where€the€release€mechanism€of€the€self-latching€device€is€located€less€Ð Þ. Ðthan€54€inches€(1372€mm)€from€the€bottom€of€the€gate,€the€release€mechanism€and€openings€shall€complyÐ ¶ Ðwith€the€following:€Ð ŽÞ ÐÓ éÓ€€€€8.1€The€release€mechanism€shall€be€located€on€the€pool€side€of€the€gate€at€least€3€inches€(76€mm)Ð f¶ Ðbelow€€the€top€of€the€gate,€and€€€€€€8.2€The€gate€and€barrier€shall€have€no€opening€greater€than€0.5€inchÐ >Ž Ð(12.7€mm)€within€18€inches€(457€€mm)€of€the€release€mechanism.Ð  f Ð9€Where€a€wall€of€a€dwelling€serves€as€part€of€the€barrier€one€of€the€following€conditions€shall€be€met:€€€€Ð ×!' Ð9.1€The€pool€shall€be€equipped€with€a€powered€safety€cover€in€compliance€with€ASTM€F1346;€or€€€€€9.2Ð ¯"ÿ ÐAll€doors€with€direct€access€to€the€pool€through€that€wall€shall€be€equipped€with€an€alarm€which€Ð ‡#× Ðproduces€an€audible€warning€when€the€door€€€€€€and€its€screen,€if€present,€are€opened.€The€alarm€shall€Ð _$¯ Ðsound€continuously€for€a€minimum€of€30€seconds€immediately€after€the€door€is€opened€€€€€€and€be€capable€Ð 7%‡  Ðof€being€heard€throughout€the€house€during€normal€household€activities.€The€alarm€shall€automaticallyÐ &_!  Ðreset€under€all€conditions.€€€€€€The€alarm€system€shall€be€equipped€with€a€manual€means,€such€as€touchpad€Ð ç&7"! Ðor€switch,€to€temporarily€deactivate€the€alarm€for€a€single€opening.€€€Such€deactivation€shall€last€for€not€Ð ¿'#" Ðmore€than€15€seconds.€The€deactivation€switch(es)€shall€be€located€at€least€54€inches€(1372€mm)€above€Ð —(ç## Ðthe€€€€€€threshold€of€the€door;€or€€€€€€9.3€Other€means€of€protection,€such€as€self-closing€doors€withÐ o)¿$$ Ðself-latching€devices,€which€are€€approved€by€the€governing€body,€shall€be€€€€€acceptable€so€long€as€theÐ G*—%% Ðdegree€of€protection€afforded€is€not€less€than€the€protection€afforded€by€Item€9.1€or€9.2€described€above.Ð +o&& ÐÓ éÓ10€Where€an€aboveground€pool€structure€is€used€as€a€barrier€or€where€the€barrier€is€mounted€on€top€of€the€Ð à,0(' Ðpool€structure,€and€the€means€of€access€is€a€ladder€or€steps,€then:€Ð ¸-)( Ѐ€€€10.1€The€ladder€or€steps€shall€be€capable€of€being€secured,€locked€or€removed€to€prevent€access,€or€€Ó ÒÓ€€€Ð ° Ð10.2€The€ladder€or€steps€shall€be€surrounded€by€a€barrier€which€meets€the€requirements€of€Section€Ð ˆØ ÐAG105.2,€Items€1€through€9.€When€€€€€the€ladder€or€steps€are€secured,€locked€or€removed,€any€openingÐ `° Ðcreated€shall€not€allow€the€passage€of€a€€4-inch-diameter€(102€mm)€sphere.€Ð 8ˆ ÐÓ éÒÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òAG105.3€Indoor€swimming€pool.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óAll€wallssurrounding€an€indoor€swimming€pool€shall€comply€with€Ð â 2 ÐSection€AG105.2,€Item€9.Ð ¾  ÐÓ -ÓÓ ÌÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òAG105.4€Prohibited€locations.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óBarriers€shall€be€located€so€as€to€prohibit€permanentÐ  Ï Ðstructures,€€equipment€or€similar€objects€from€being€used€to€climb€the€barriers.Ð [ « ÐÓ .-ÓÓ «éÓÓ ÌÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òAG105.5€Barrier€exceptions.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óSpas€or€hot€tubs€with€a€safety€cover€which€complies€with€ASTM€F€1346,€Ð l  Ðas€listed€in€Section€AG107,€shall€be€exempt€from€the€provisions€of€this€appendix.Ð øH  ÐÓ .ÓÓ  ÓÓ é«ÓÓ _ ÓÓ _ ÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òSECTION€AG106€€ENTRAPMENTÐ {Ë  ÐPROTECTION€FOR€€SWIMMING€Ð S£  ÐPOOL€AND€SPA€SUCTIONÐ +{  ÐOUTLETSÐ S  ÐÓ  ÓÓ ÒéÓÓ _ ÓÓ _ ÓAG106.1€General.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óSuction€outlets€shall€be€designed€to€produce€circulation€throughout€the€pool€or€spa.€Ð Ä ÐSingle€outlet€systems,€such€as€automatic€vacuum€cleaner€systems,€or€other€such€multiple€suction€outlets€Ð  ð Ðwhether€isolated€by€valves€or€otherwise€shall€be€protected€against€user€entrapment.€Ð xÈ ÐÓ ÒÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òAG106.2€Suction€fittings.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óAll€Pool€and€Spa€suction€outlets€shall€be€provided€with€a€cover€that€conformsÐ "r Ðwith€ANSI/ASME€A112.19.8M,€or€a€12"€X€12"€drain€grate€or€larger,€or€an€approved€channel€drain€Ð þN Ðsystem.Ð Ö& ÐÓ ØÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òException:€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óSurface€skimmersÐ ®þ ÐÓ ØÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òAG106.3€Atmospheric€vacuum€relief€system€required.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óAll€pool€and€spa€single€or€multiple€outlet€Ð b ² Ðcirculation€systems€shall€be€equipped€with€atmospheric€vacuum€relief€should€grate€covers€located€therein€Ð >!Ž Ðbecome€missing€or€broken.€Such€vacuum€relief€systems€shall€include€at€least€one€approved€or€engineered€Ð "f Ðmethod€of€the€type€specified€herein,€as€follows:€Ð î"> ÐÓ éÓÓ à Ó€€€€1€Safety€vacuum€release€system€conforming€to€ASME€A112.19.17,Ð Æ# Ðor€€€€€2€An€approved€gravity€drainage€systemÐ ž$î ÐÓ -ÓÓ à ÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òAG106.4Dual€drain€separation.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óSingle€or€multiple€pump€circulation€systems€shall€be€provided€with€a€Ð _&¯! Ðminimum€of€two€(2)€suction€outlets€of€the€approved€type.€A€minimum€horizontal€or€vertical€distance€of€Ð ;'‹" Ðthree€(3)€feet€shall€separate€such€outlets.€These€suction€outlets€shall€be€piped€so€that€water€is€drawn€Ð (c# Ðthrough€them€simultaneously€through€a€vacuum€relief-protected€line€to€the€pump€or€pumps.Ð ë(;$ ÐÔ€%v % %%vÔò òAG106.5€Pool€cleaner€fittings.€Ô€%v % %%vÔó óWhere€provided,€vacumn€or€pressure€cleaner€fitting(s)€shall€be€locatedÐ ¬*ü% Ðin€€an€accessible€position(s)€at€least€(6)€inches€and€not€greater€than€twelve€(12)€inches€below€theÐ ˆ+Ø&  Ðminimum€operational€water€level€or€as€an€attachment€to€the€skimmer(s).Ð `,°'! ÐÓ :-ÓÓ ééÓÓ = ÓÓ ^ ÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òSECTION€AG107Ð ° ÐABBREVIATIONÐ ˆØ ÐSÐ `° ÐÓ :ÓÓ ^ Ó€AG107.1€GeneralÐ !q ÐÓ šéÓÓ = ÓÓ »ÓANSIÔ€%v % %%vÔó ó€ð!ð€American€National€Standards€Institute;€11€West€42€Street,€New€York,€NY€10036€Ð â 2 ÐÔ€%v % %%vÔò òASTMÔ€%v % %%vÔó óð!ð€American€Society€for€Testing€and€Materials;€1916€Race€Street,€Philadelphia,€PAÐ ¾  Ð19103€€Ô€%v % %%vÔò òNSPIÔ€%v % %%vÔó ó€ð!ð€National€Spa€and€Pool€Institute;€2111€Eisenhower€Avenue,€Alexandria,€VAÐ š ê Ð22314Ð v Æ ÐÓ  ÓÓ éšÓÓ o ÓÓ ã »ÓÔ€%v % %%vÔò òSECTIONÐ è8  ÐAG108Ð À  ÐSTANDARDSÐ ˜è  ÐÓ  ÓÓ ã Ó€AG108.1€General.Ð Y©  ÐÓ o ÓANSI/NSPIÐ j  ÐÔ€%v % %%vÔó óANSI/NSPI-3-99€Standard€for€Permanently€Installed€Residential€Spas€Ô€XrÈX %%vÔ.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€AG104.1€Ð Û+  ÐANSI/NSPI-4-99€Standard€for€Aboveground/On-ground€Residential€Swimming€Pools€Ð ° Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€€€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€AG103.2€Ð …Õ ÐANSI/NSPI-5-99€Standard€for€Residential€Inground€Swimming€Pools€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€AG103.1€Ð Zª ÐANSI/NSPI-6-99€Standard€for€Residential€Portable€Spas.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€AG104.2€Ð / ÐÓ »ÓANSI/ASME€A112.19.8M-1987€Suction€Fittings€for€Use€in€Swimming€Pools,€€€WadingÐ  T ÐPools,€Spas,€Hot€Tubs€and€Whirlpool€Bathing€Appliances€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€.€AG106.2€Ð ð @ ÐÓ »ÓÔ€XrÈXXXrÈÔò òASTMÐ Å" ÐÔ€XrÈXXXrÈÔó óASTM€F€1346-91€(1996)€Performance€Specification€for€Safety€Covers€€and€LabelingÐ š$ê ÐRequirements€for€AllCovers€for€Swimming€Pools,€Spas€and€Hot€Tubs€AG105.2,€€AG105.5€Ð †%Ö  ÐÓ éÓÔ€XrÈXXXrÈÔò òASMEÐ ['«" ÐÓ  ÓÔ€XrÈXXXrÈÔó óASME€A112.19.17€Manufacturers€Safety€Vacumn€Release€Systems€(SVRS)€€€for€Residential€andÐ G(—# ÐCommercial€Swimming€Pool,€Spa,€Hot€Tub€and€Wading€Pool€.€.€.€.€AG10€Ð 3)ƒ$ ÐÔ€%v %XXrÈÔÔ€%lT % %%vÔð  ð